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Sources of data:
2007/2008 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report (HDR) and UNDP Human Development Indices: A statistical update 2008 . HDR 2007/2008 is mostly based on data from 2005, the 2008 statistical update is mostly based on data from 2006. Some indicators use data from the World Bank or the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN ECLAC).
Human Development Index (HDI)
Bolivia was ranked 117th of 177 countries in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report, with an HDI value of 0.695 (the UK was ranked 16th with an HDI of 0.946). The 2008 statistical update shows an increase in Bolivia’s HDI value to 0.723, ranking Bolivia 111th of 179 countries measured. This is still the lowest index in South America though regionally Bolivia now ranks above Haiti, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Honduras.
A higher numerical value represents improvements in any or all of HDI's three components: life expectancy, literacy and GDP per capita.
GDP per capita (PPP basis)*
2007/2008 Human Development Report:
US$2,819 (ranked approx 117 of 177 countries)
UNDP 2008 statistical update:
US$ 3,989
* See UNDP web pages for definition and for other statistical information
GNI (Gross National Income) per capita
US$1,460 in 2008*
* Source: World Bank
Percentage of the population living on less than US$1 a day
2007/2008 Human Development Report (1990-2005):
23.2%
UNDP 2008 statistical update, measuring population living on less than US$1.25 a day (2000-2006):
19.6%
Percentage of the population living on less than US$2 a day
2007/2008 Human Development Report (1990-2005):
42.2%
UNDP 2008 statistical update (2000-2006): 30.3%
Inequality - measured using Gini index and income distribution ratios*
Gini index: 60.1 (Survey year 2002)
This makes Bolivia the most unequal country in Latin America, and the 7th most unequal country in the world (of those countries where statistics are available). Only Namibia, Lesotho, Botswana, Sierra Leone and Central African Republic are more unequal than Bolivia.
Bolivia ranks highest in the world in terms of the ratio between the share of income or consumption of the richest 10% of the population compared with the poorest 10% - the ratio being 168.1:1. The second highest ranking in terms of this ratio is Namibia with a ratio of 128.8:1.
According to the UN ECLAC, Bolivia’s Gini index for 2007 had reduced to 56.5.
*it should be noted when interpreting these figures that statistics on inequality, based on household surveys, are notoriously inaccurate
Life expectancy at birth (estimate)
2007/2008 Human Development Report:
64.7 years
(Japan, ranked first, 82.3 years; Zambia, ranked last, 40.5 years)
UNDP 2008 statistical update:
65.1 years
Literacy rate
2007/2008 Human Development Report:
Adult (15+) literacy 86.7% in 2004*
*This figure should be assumed to contain a gender differential. In 2004 the female adult literacy rate was 80.7% while the male rate was 92.8%. This makes the female rate equal to 87% of the male adult literacy rate.
UNDP 2008 statistical update:
89.8%
(UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimates based on its Global Age-specific Literacy Projections model, April 2008.)
Access to healthcare
Patchy across the population, with particularly restricted access in rural and highland areas.
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
65 (in 2005)
Public health expenditure as % of GDP
4.1% (in 2004)
Total health expenditure per capita (PPP)
US$186 (in 2004)
Doctors per 100,000 people
122 (2000-2004)
Percentage of births attended by trained health professionals
67% (1997-2005)
HIV prevalence
Relatively low (estimated in 2005 at 0.1% of the population aged 15-49)
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